turd

英 [tɜːd] 美 [tɝd]

turd 粪，狗屎

来自古英语 tord,粪便，污秽，来自 Proto-Germanic*turda,泥土，粪肥，来自 PIE*der,分开，撕开，词源同 tear,tier.词义演变比较 shit,来自 PIE*skei,分开，词源同 science,shed.

turd: turd: [OE] Turd is an ancient word, traceable right back to Indo-European *drtom. This was formed from the base *dr-, *der- ‘flay, tear’ (source also of English tear), and so etymologically denoted that which is ‘separated’ from the body, like flayed skin, and hence ejected or excreted from the body. It passed into English via prehistoric Germanic *turdam. A distant relative is Latvian dirsti ‘defecate’.
=> tear
turd (n.): Old English tord "piece of excrement," from Proto-Germanic *turdam (cognates: Middle Dutch torde "piece of excrement," Old Norse tord-yfill, Dutch tort-wevel "dung beetle"), from PIE *drtom, past participle of root *der- (2) "to split, peel, flay, tear;" thus "that which is separated ("torn off") from the body" (compare shit (v.) from root meaning "to split;" Greek skatos from root meaning "to cut off; see scatology). As a type of something worthless and vile, it is attested from mid-13c. Meaning "despicable person" is recorded from mid-15c.
A tord ne yeue ic for eu alle ["The Owl and the Nightingale," c. 1250]

Alle thingis ... I deme as toordis, that I wynne Crist. [Wyclif, Phil. iii.8, 1382; KJV has "I count all things ... but dung, that I may win Christ"]

2. Death is equally mysterious, but there's no sugar - coating that turd.: 死亡也是一样的神秘, 但是却没有糖衣将这臭物包裹.

4. Why are you being such a turd! I wish I hadn't gotten married!: 听下面一段对话,回答 9 ～11小题.