junk

英 [dʒʌŋk] 美 [dʒʌŋk]

junk 垃圾

来自中古英语junke,船上的旧缆绳或绳索，可能来自古法语junc,来自拉丁语juncus,芦苇，灯芯草，词源同junket.后引申词义船上的垃圾，废弃物。

junk 中国式帆船

来自葡萄牙语junco,来自马来语jong,船，大船，最终来自汉语chuan,船。

junk (n.1): "worthless stuff," mid-14c., junke "old cable or rope" (nautical), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old French junc "rush, reed," also used figuratively as a type of something of little value, from Latin iuncus "rush, reed" (but OED finds "no evidence of connexion"). Nautical use extended to "old refuse from boats and ships" (1842), then to "old or discarded articles of any kind" (1884). Junk food is from 1971; junk art is from 1966; junk mail first attested 1954.
junk (n.2): "Chinese sailing ship," 1610s, from Portuguese junco, from Malay jong "ship, large boat" (13c.), probably from Javanese djong.
junk (v.): 1803, "to cut off in lumps," from junk (n.1). The meaning "to throw away as trash, to scrap" is from 1908. Related: Junked; junking.
New settlers (who should always be here as early in the spring as possible) begin to cut down the wood where they intend to erect their first house. As the trees are cut the branches are to be lopped off, and the trunks cut into lengths of 12 or 14 feet. This operation they call junking them; if they are not junked before fire is applied, they are much worse to junk afterwards. [letter dated Charlotte Town, Nov. 29, 1820, in "A Series of Letters Descriptive of Prince Edward Island," 1822]

1. The truth is that junk bonds were misnamed, and therefore misunderstood.: 事实上人们对垃圾债券的称谓有误，所以产生了误解。

2. The junk market has been unsettled for the past seven months.: 过去7个月中废旧货市场一直起伏不定。

3. There was no mail except the usual junk addressed to the occupier.: 除了寄给业主的常见垃圾信件之外，再没有其他邮件了。