jungle

英 ['dʒʌŋg(ə)l] 美 ['dʒʌŋɡl]

jungle 丛林

来自印度语jangal,森林，荒漠，无人居住的土地。现多用于比喻义指水泥丛林，钢铁丛林。

jungle: jungle: [18] Not surprisingly, jungle is a tropical word, but its ancestor denoted quite the opposite of the lush vegetation it now refers to. It comes from Sanskrit jangala, which originally meant ‘dry’, and hence ‘desert’. Its Hindi descendant jangal was used for an ‘area of wasteland’, and hence ‘such an area overgrown with scrub’, and when it was taken over into Anglo-Indian it was gradually extended to an ‘area of thick tangled trees’.
jungle (n.): 1776, from Hindi jangal "desert, forest, wasteland, uncultivated ground," from Sanskrit jangala-s "arid, sparsely grown with trees," of unknown origin. Specific sense of "land overgrown by vegetation in a wild, tangled mass" is first recorded 1849; meaning "place notoriously lawless and violent" is first recorded 1906, from Upton Sinclair's novel (compare asphalt jungle, 1949, William R. Burnett's novel title, made into a film 1950 by John Huston; blackboard jungle, 1954, Evan Hunter's novel title, movie in 1955). Jungle gym was a trademark name, 1923, by Junglegym Inc., Chicago, U.S. Jungle bunny, derogatory for "black person," attested from 1966.

1. "Orchards would take the place of the jungle," he rhapsodized.: “要让这片丛林成为果园，”他无比兴奋地说。

2. If you make aggression pay, this becomes the law of the jungle.: 如果你通过侵略谋取利益，这就成了弱肉强食。

4. Social security law and procedure remain a jungle of complex rules.: 有关社会保障的法律和程序仍旧是个充满错综复杂的规则的危险领域。

5. Domestic chickens are descended from jungle fowl of Southeast Asia.: 家鸡是由东南亚原鸡演变而来的。